Alterations of the human gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis
When liver injury, inflammation, viral infection, steatosis, or toxin exposure occurs, ROS production increases (via mitochondria, NADPH oxidases, cytochrome P450 metabolism, peroxisomal oxidation) and antioxidant defenses may be overwhelmed, tipping the scale toward oxidative stress [11]
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[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [8].Hoppel CL, Genuth SM
Astragalus mongholicus Bunge polysaccharides (APS) also repressed apoptosis by enhancing Bcl-2 levels and diminished Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 levels (Chang et al., 2018)