The active ingredient in milk thistle extract is Silybum marianum, which is actually the collective name for three distinct compounds
BMC Gastroenterol 20:242
You can boost glutathione levels by consuming sulfur-rich foods (like garlic and cruciferous vegetables) and considering liposomal glutathione supplements for better absorption
MOTS-c activates AMPK by disrupting the folate cycle, specifically by inhibiting AICAR transformylase, an enzyme in the de novo purine synthesis pathway

These include: Autoimmune diseases, such as hypoparathyroidism, Graves disease, myasthenia gravis, and type 1 diabetes Crohns disease HIV Vitiligo Celiac disease Having part or all of your small intestine removed Small intestine bacterial overgrowth, a condition where you have harmful bacteria in your intestines that absorb all the B12 before your intestines can Other risk factors for pernicious anemia include: Scandinavian or Northern European ancestry Family history of PA Having gastric bypass surgery (used to treat obesity), which loses cells that absorb B12 Taking medications such as antacids or drugs that treat type 2 diabetes but make it harder for your body to absorb enough B12 Pernicious Anemia Symptoms Symptoms of pernicious anemia may take years to develop because your body can store 1,000 to 2,000 times as much B12 as you need in a day