It is thought that glutathione is degraded into amino acids during digestion and absorption processes
For instance, it has been shown that after an experimental psychologic stress, the evoked cortisol response in fatigued breast cancer survivors is much smaller than that in nonfatigued ones, pointing to the involvement of the HPA axis in cancer-related fatigue (286)
This pentadecapeptide demonstrates resistance to degradation in gastric juice, a property that distinguishes it from many therapeutic peptides that require modified administration routes to avoid gastric inactivation
Notably, ferroptosis is characterized by lipid ROS accumulation (Guo et al., 2022) Therefore, we speculate that ferroptosis of OA chondrocytes may release a large amount of ROS into the blood circulation, increasing the level of serum oxidative stress, thereby disturbing the intestinal homeostasis and further exacerbating the pathological process of OA
Genetic disorders, certain medical conditions, or certain medications can cause a deficiency in carnitine in the body by interfering with its uptake
