1 Introduction 1.1 Literature review methodology This review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the keywords Parkinsons disease, -synuclein, dopaminergic neurons, LRRK2, mitochondrial dysfunction, comorbidities, levodopa, and neuroinflammation. Studies published in English between 2000 and 2025 were included
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Tight junction gene expression improved on a low FODMAP diet, indicating reduced intestinal breakdown
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