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Ghazanfari MR, Sepehrnia S

What Should Readers Focus on Instead of Experimental Peptides

ROS includes free radicals like superoxide anion (O2) and hydroxyl radical (OH), while RNS includes nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO)

Regular sessions can also help reduce the likelihood of future pigmentation build-up, especially when paired with good hygiene and aftercare practices

Indeed, loss of glutathione peroxidase 4, a oxidation-resistant selenoprotein that utilizes GSH, leads to lipid peroxidation and subsequent ferroptosis, which is also found in epilepsy models ( The NADPH oxidase (NOX) family of enzymes is another relevant major source of ROS in the context of epilepsy as evidenced by activation of NOX2 by kainate-induced SE (Patel et al., 2005)