PMID: 134 WuMZhangXZhangWChiouYSQianWLiuXet al
This is commonly tested by doctors, but the real gold comes from using this number, along with your fasting insulin number, to calculate your insulin resistance
In human leukemia cell lines, PYC inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner, primarily via caspase-3 activation
However, the endogenous antioxidant MnSOD was increased, which may be an adaptation to counteract increased free radicals during ATP synthesis in the OXPHOS complexes
This has applications in research on insulin resistance, where impaired PI3K/Akt signaling is a key pathological feature, as well as in oncology research, where this pathway is often dysregulated