Metformin : This prescription medication has a long and well-researched history of not only managing insulin resistance and age-related weight gain, but reducing inflammation, improving symptoms of menopause (such as fatigue), and even promoting longevity
In Phase 3 TRIUMPH-4 (Eli Lilly, December 11, 2025), the 12 mg arm averaged 28.7% body weight loss at 68 weeks
It has been shown that glucagon can bind to GLP-1R, with a 1001000-fold decreased affinity than GLP-1, promoting insulin release due to its homology with GLP-1
While some contain ingredients like berberine or chromium, these only show limited blood sugar effects when taken orally in proper doses
Finally, GLP-1s affect both insulin and glucagon release