"Injections are the preferred treatment for patients unable to absorb vitamin B12, such as patients with autoimmune-related anemia or pernicious anemia, or history of gastrectomy, which means partial removal of the stomach, or a history of bariatric surgery," Levine told InStyle
It may be possible, to some extent, to modify the glucagon peptide sequence for differential responses across tissues, however this has yet to be explored further
The MHRA's Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) for Ozempic acknowledges these gastrointestinal effects as expected consequences of GLP-1 receptor agonism
Sublingual and buccal routes may improve this, but published data on compounded ODT bioavailability in humans is limited
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