In colorectal cancer, IGF-2 secreted by cancer-associated fibroblasts binds to IGF-1R on cancer cells to activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Hippo-YAP1 signaling pathways to promote cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion
Vitamin K cannot be produced physiologically by human cells but can be synthesized by the gut microbiota (vitamin K2 or menaquinone) ( Vitamin K deficiency is rare in adults, primarily due to malabsorption, total parenteral nutrition, or antibiotic use (which reduces gut bacteria production of vitamin K), a common issue in oncology wards
Ort-Casa, Natalia, Yingying Wu, Petrus J
How ESG Works How ESG Reduces Stomach Volume See how internal sutures reshape the stomach and support smaller portion sizes
doi: 10.1042/BSR20190446 23 EpsteinRSajaiNZelkowskiMZhouARobbinsKRPawlowskiWP