l carnitine atherosclerosis Dietary precursors, such as choline and L-carnitine, are metabolized Consuming foods high in choline,

R Epoxides are produced when Phase I CYP450 enzymes oxidize compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds (unsaturated bonds)

Sharma G, Prossnitz ER (2021) Targeting the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) in obesity and diabetes

Free radicals are unstable molecules that can originate from environmental factors like pollution and toxins, as well as natural processes such as metabolism

Nutr Res 29:7074 Scafidi S, Racz J, Hazelton J, McKenna MC, Fiskum G (2010) Neuroprotection by acetyl-l-carnitine after traumatic injury to the immature rat brain

Functional analysis of Arabidopsis mutants points to novel roles for glutathione in coupling H 2 O 2 to activation of salicylic acid accumulation and signaling