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doi: 10.1530/edm-23-0017

More recently, high concentrations of bile acids have been associated with increased GLP-1 concentrations and glycaemic improvements, which might be mediated through nuclear farnesoid-receptor X (FXR) and the G-protein-coupled bile acid-activated receptor (TGR5) on enteroendocrine L cells [14]

Hydration: Drinking enough water supports kidney function and can help manage some of the gastrointestinal side effects of GLP-1 medications

Although biochemically separated from the GSH system, the Trx system shares NADPH as a common reducing cofactor and serves as an alternative pathway for reducing disulfide bonds, making this system especially relevant if the GSH system has been compromised or rendered dysfunctional ( Under oxidative stress these three systems work in concert to detoxify ROS and lipid peroxides, maintain protein structure and function via thiol repair, prevent activation of redox-sensitive inflammatory pathways, and preserve mitochondrial membrane integrity and prevent apoptosis

The first generation of these therapies focused on GLP-1 receptor agonism alone