Conclusions Although studies are contradictory regarding the effect of free glutamine supplementation on muscle injury and inflammation, due to the high intestinal and hepatic metabolism with consequently decreased availability of consuming organs and cells of the immune system, current evidence indicate that oral supplementation with free l-glutamine or the dipeptide provides an effective alternative for increasing plasma and muscle glutamine concentrations
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Although the GAA altered MET availability in the dams (Motta et al., 2025), supplementation of GAA to heifers 63 days before breeding until d 63 of gestation, did not alter the methyl supply in fetal liver ( Maternal nutrition modulates fetal development and influences the offsprings performance postnatally (Santos et al., 2022
There is also some risk for unmeasured confounding, and factors like bias because of unmeasured variables, dosing differences, using brand as a proxy for target dose, and missing information could have affected the results
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