Recommended Dosing Protocols Common bodybuilding and recovery-focused protocols include: Subcutaneous: 200500 mcg once or twice daily, near the injury site or in abdominal fat Intramuscular: 200300 mcg directly into the affected muscle, rotating sites Oral: 250500 mcg dissolved in water once daily, though bioavailability may vary Many protocols begin at the lower end, around 200 mcg, during the first week to assess tolerance
Abu-Farsakh, S., Wu, T., Lalonde, A., Sun, J
International Journal of Medical Sciences 17 (6): 751761
Controls received an equivolume of saline
Supplementation of endothelial cells with mitochondria-targeted antioxidants inhibit peroxide-induced mitochondrial iron uptake, oxidative damage, and apoptosis