and patients with pernicious anemia who have optic neuropathy COBALAMIN (Vitamin B12) Deficiency Causes Vegetarians (dietary deficiency) Older adults: atrophic gastritis affects 10% 30% and leads to decrease in hydrochloric acid secretion in the stomach and decreased absorption of Vitamin B12 The liver can store up to six years worth of Vitamin B12 so deficiencies are rare Effects of deficiency Megaloblastic anaemia (pernicious anaemia) Progressive demyelination of nerve cells Elevation in levels of circulating homocysteine that leads to production of defective collagen and elastin with a negative impact on arteries, bone and skin Deep vein thrombosis is associated with homocysteinemia that causes the activation of the intrinsic coagulation cascade Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, constipation, loss of appetite and weight loss Numbness, tingling of the feet imbalance, depression, confusion, dementia, poor memory and glossitis
What does lyophilized mean
Nat Cell Biol 1: 130135 Ellgaard L, Ruddock LW (2005) The human protein disulphide isomerase family: substrate interactions and functional properties
The strong oxidative properties of O can damage cell membranes, proteins, and DNA, leading to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses that may result in respiratory symptoms as well as chronic respiratory diseases [91]
Fertility Male fertility: Oxidative stress is a major contributor to male infertility, damaging sperm DNA, membranes, and motility
