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Abbreviations ALC: Acetyl-l-carnitine DG: Dentate gyrus GFAP: Glial fibrillary acidic protein GSH: Reduced glutathione Kainate: Kainic acid MDA: Malondialdehyde MFS: Mossy fiber sprouting NF-kB: Nuclear factor-kappa B SE: Status epilepticus ROS: Reactive oxygen species SOD: Superoxide dismutase SE: Status epilepticus TLE: Temporal lobe epilepsy TNF-: Tumor necrosis factor- TBA: Thiobarbituric acid TLR4: Toll-like receptor 4 References Afshin-Majd S, Bashiri K, Kiasalari Z, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Sedaghat R, Roghani M (2017) Acetyl-l-carnitine protects dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced model of Parkinsons disease in the rat
US patent 2276508, Nabenhauer FP, "Method for the separation of optically active alpha-methylphenethylamine", published 17 March 1942, assigned to Smith Kline French 1 2 "Approved Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Amphetamine (Adderall), Methylphenidate (Ritalin), and Atomoxetine (Straterra)"
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A bond can form between the S on cysteine and the glutamic acid carbonyl group forming a ring structure.